Pumped storage hydropower (PSH) is an innovative method of energy storage that balances electricity supply and demand to enhance grid stability. It involves two water reservoirs at different elevations. During low electricity demand, surplus energy pumps water from the lower to the upper reservoir. During high demand, stored water is released back to the lower reservoir, driving turbines to generate electricity. PSH is highly efficient, with rapid response times and large-scale storage capacity, making it essential for integrating renewable energy sources into the grid and ensuring reliable power supply.

Generated by the natural rise and fall of ocean tides and currents, tidal current energy is global and abundant, making it a valuable untapped source of renewable energy. This energy can be harnessed using either seabed-mounted or floating tidal current turbines. Tidal energy technologies can capture energy from currents in both oceans and rivers.