Globally, heating and cooling account for a significant portion of energy consumption, often exceeding 50% of total energy use in some regions. This demand leads to substantial greenhouse gas emissions and increased energy costs. As urban populations grow and climates become more extreme, the need for effective heating and cooling solutions intensifies. Finding increasingly efficient methods is crucial for reducing energy waste, lowering costs for consumers, mitigating climate change impacts, and ensuring a sustainable energy future for all.

Seawater air conditioning (SWAC) technology utilizes cold seawater to cool buildings, significantly reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional HVAC systems. By circulating seawater through heat exchangers, SWAC efficiently transfers heat away from indoor spaces. Integrating renewable energy sources, like solar or wind, can further offset air conditioning loads, enhancing sustainability. Major design considerations include seawater temperature and availability, system efficiency, building layout, and environmental impacts to ensure optimal performance and minimal ecological disruption.